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Microwave Assisted Reactions with Gas Reagents
20 July 2007
This review collects all the contributions reported until now on microwave-assisted reaction using gas reagents. Except for a few examples, all the reactions selected have been carried out using commercially available instruments for synthesis with minor modifications.
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Main Development Directions in the Application of Microwave Irradiation to the Synthesis of Nanopowders
20 July 2007
Microwaves, MW, applications in synthesis of nanoparticles is a large and dynamically growing research field. The driving force is search for methods that permit production of nanoparticles with well controlled and tailored properties: degree of crystallinity and/or defect free crystalline lattice, dopped or alloyed with optically or magnetically active ions, crystals size and crystal size distribution, shape, capping with functional layers, etc.
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Microwave Synthesis of Polymeric Materials
20 July 2007
Polymer technology forms one of the largest areas of application of microwave technology, and the methods and procedures used therein are among the most developed in chemistry. The purpose of the paper is to provide a brief story of the application of microwaves in polymer processing together with some considerations of commercial aspects, which can divided into two segments i.e. industrial applications and instruments for laboratory uses.
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Microwave Synthesis in High-Throughput Environments
25 June 2007
One of the many advantages of using rapid “microwave flash heating” for chemical synthesis is the dramatic reduction in reaction times: from days and hours to minutes and seconds. While most of the published examples for synthesizing compound libraries using microwave technology till date involve processing in automated sequential fashion, attention now is focusing on parallel processing in microtiter plates. This review highlights the state-of-the-art in this rapidly evolving field.
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Microwaves: A New Tool for an Ancient Element
25 June 2007
Microwave assisted solvent-free organic synthesis in nitrogen acylation, heterocycles synthesis and pericyclic reactions is reviewed, covering only those reactions performed by irradiation of reagents without solvents or
any solid support.
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Initial Results from a Commercial Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor for Scale-up
20 May 2007
Preliminary results from a commercially available continuous flow microwave reactor designed specifically for scale-up are presented here. These results show good-to-excellent agreement with previous results obtained from both microwave and thermal batch reactors for a model reaction. A brief appraisal of the advantages and disadvantages of this type of microwave reactor technology concludes this article.
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Real Impact of Different Types of Microwave Instruments on a Multi-Step Synthesis
20 May 2007
The paper describes the multi-step synthesis of a lead compound, precursor of potent inhibitors of Kinases. The results obtained with three models of microwave reactors specially designed for organic synthesis are compared. If single-mode microwaves are particularly useful for drug discovery strategies which need rapid and short-scale reactions, it can be affirmed that multi-mode instruments allow interesting possibilities for the scaling-up.
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Faster Selective Chemistry by Microflow and Continuous Microwave Synthesis
19 March 2007
Over the past 5 decades synthetic methodology has evolved with an emphasis on selectivity and yield enhancement of chemical reactions. Initially, substrates, auxiliary substituted substrates and additives were developed with the purpose of delaying and thereby discriminating against undesired reaction pathways. Also, catalyst systems were established to discriminate in favour of desired pathways.
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Microwave Flow Chemistry: The Next Evolutionary Step in Synthetic Chemistry?
19 March 2007
With the development of commercial focussed-microwave reactors, reactions can be carried out safely and reproducibly at a useful laboratory scale. Attention is now turning to the scale-up of these processes with chemists increasingly investigating continuous flow applications. This review intends to highlight the significant benefits in terms of efficiency and control that flow-based microwave applications offer modern organic synthesis.
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Microwaves in Chemistry: The Success Story goes on
19 March 2007
Microwave reactors have been successfully used in particular in the field of high-throughput experimentation, further decreasing the time to find best-suited candidates for certain applications. The resulting request for scale-up microwave reactors has been answered by the commercial release of the first devices.
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The use of Microwave Irradiation in Peptide Chemistry
19 March 2007
The introduction of high-throughput biological screening and the accelerated discovery of new biological targets has increased the demand on synthetic chemists to produce new compounds for testing. Recently there has been growing interest in applying microwave heating for many chemical applications requiring energy input. In this paper, we will review the most interesting examples of microwave-promoted reactions in peptides and peptidomimetics synthesis.
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Microwave-Assisted Polymerizations: The Living Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2-Oxazolines
19 March 2007
Here, we will provide an overview of microwave heating in polymer science. The principles and advantages of microwave heating will be discussed and illustrated on the basis of the living cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-oxazolines.More specifically, the acceleration of this polymerization mechanism will be described as well as investigations on the (non-)existence of non-thermal microwave effects.
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Microwave-Enhanced Fluorous Synthesis
19 March 2007
A new technology for high-speed solution-phase parallel synthesis has been developed by combination of microwave heating and fluorous tagging strategies. This article highlights several applications of this technology in the synthesis of library scaffolds involving Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling and multicomponent reactions.
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Microwave Effects in Organic Synthesis- Mechanistic and Reaction Medium Considerations
19 February 2007
The scope of applications of microwave irradiation relates to a wide spectrum of organic syntheses with numerous benefits (reduction in reaction times, improved purity of products and better yields) encompassing advantages of both thermal and (or) specific non-purely thermal effects of the radiation. When applied to solvent-free methods (Green Chemistry) it results in very efficient and clean procedures.
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Multimode Microwave Instrument: A Flexible Platform for Chemical Reactions
31 January 2006
The major part of chemical compounds are obtained via reactions that involve the heating of the reaction mixture. In the last few years the use of microwave technology, as a heating source, has become wide use in synthesis laboratories, both in the academic and in the industry fields.
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The Nuke is the Thing for Synthesis
30 January 2006
In combinatorial chemistry, the new wave is micro.
Article by David Bradley from Modern Drug Discovery
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Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis - Back to the Roots
30 January 2006
This presentation reports the reinvestigation of one of the very first microwave-assisted organic reactions described in the literature, i.e. the hydrolysis of benzamide under acidic conditions.
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Developments in Microwave Chemistry
30 January 2006
Chemistry World has commissioned this technology study from Evalueserve
Microwave chemistry has an edge over conventional heating methods for conducting chemical reactions, and it will soon emerge as the preferred technology for performing chemical synthesis relating to lead development in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.
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Controlled Microwave Heating in Modern Organic Synthesis
26 January 2006
This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.
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